Benha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Effect of Autologous platelet-rich plasma versus platelet-rich fibrin on the Second Intension Wound Healing in Dogs through higher regeneration capacity and modulation of inflammatory cytokines1720001910.21608/bvmj.2021.92616.1465ENOlla A.KhalifaGenetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.AbdelhaleemElkasapySurgery, Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, EgyptEman A.SallamAnimal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.Yasmin M.MareiDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.Liza S.MohammedVeterinary Economics and Farm Management, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.Journal Article20210825Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) are considered excellent concentrated sources of growth factors (PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, bFGF) and cytokines fundamental for wound healing. The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the effect of PRP and PRF on the second intention wound healing through clinical vision, histopathological examination, and changes in the IL10 and TGF-β genes expression. Fifteen adult dogs were used in this study; induction of a 3cm diameter total thickness cutaneous injury at the right chest region. The animals were divided into three groups equally, and the wounds were treated twice weekly for three successive weeks. The first group (Group A) received only normal saline (control group). The second group was treated by PRP (group B). The third group received PRF treatment (group C). Clinical Evaluation, Molecular studies of interlukin 10 (IL10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) gene expression, and histopathological examination were used to demonstrate the difference between the three treatment regimens. Results showed a non-significant negative correlation between weight loss and WHR% and showed a significantly high positive correlation between treatment cost either by PRP or PRF with IL10 (0.79*) and WHR% (wound healing rate) (0.994**). The IL10 significantly increased in PRP group, while TGF-b was significantly increased in the PRF group. This study concluded that the PRP and PRF exhibited higher regeneration capacity and accelerates the quality of wound healinghttps://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_200019_64129dda0702b00565307150780a9cf4.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Comparative study on the hygienic, production and economic indices of Japanese quails reared on floor and cage systems.81220002610.21608/bvmj.2021.89307.1458ENAya ElsayedAzamAnimal Hygiene and Veterinary Management Department, Faculty of veterinary medicine Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt,0000-0002-1988-9933Seham FawzyShehataVeterinary Economics and Farm Management, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt0000-0001-9569-7522Liza SabryMohammedVeterinary Economics and Farm Management, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of veterinary medicine Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt.0000-0003-1172-0823Eman AhmadSallamAnimal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt0000-0001-7017-6077.Journal Article20210804The study was done on 120 newly hatched brown Japanese quail obtained from local Egyptian hatcheries, randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group was reared on cage system (CS), and 2nd group was reared on floor system (FS) (60 chicks per group/ 3 replicates, 20 chick/replicate), to investigate the effect of housing on the hygiene, performance, survivability, and economic efficiency of quails. The results showed that the total aerobic bacteria (TAB) of cloacal swabs had non-significant differences between CS, and FS. The higher TAB, E. coli, and total fungal count (TFC) were recorded in FS in feed, water, litter, and floor swabs samples, CS was more hygienic rearing system for quails. Moreover, the higher TAB, E. coli, and lactobacillus were recorded in intestinal samples collected from quails on FS (Log10 CFU/g 5.34, 4.47, and 3.96, respectively). There were no significant difference in immunoglobulin G, interleukin 2 & 6, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, and catalase activity between both rearing systems. Regarding performance parameters, the higher body weight, and feed consumption were achieved in Japanese quails reared on FS. Moreover, the rearing system had no significant influence on the performance, and carcass traits. From the economic point of view, FS had higher feed cost, total variable cost, total cost, and cost of each kg body weight gain from feed than those reared on CS. While, the net profit, gross margin, benefit cost ratio, return on investment, and net profit for each kg body weight gain were non-significantly higher in CS than FS.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_200026_db1dfed9185b9ce19591b912ab306112.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Eggshell contamination with special reference to different methods of disinfection on the isolated bacteria131820002810.21608/bvmj.2021.76826.1414ENEsamEltokhyBiotechnology department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Egypt0000-0003-0942-5040EsraaHefnyMilk and Meat Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC),Egypt.0000-0002-1210-4566NaglaaKoraneyBacteriology and Immunology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt.0000-0001-5163-2540AyaAzamAnimal hygiene and veterinary Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Med., Benha University, Benha, Egypt0000-0002-1988-9933Journal Article20210606The study was conducted on 198 table eggs that were collected from markets, manual and automatic farms in EL-Fayoum governorate, to assess the existence of foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), either on the outer eggshell or inner egg contents and to evaluate the reduction capacity of three antimicrobial agents (citric acid 3%, Sodium bicarbonate 3% and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)3%) against eggshells bacterial load. The obtained results found that Staph. aureus has recorded the highest prevalence (90%) in table eggs, Almost, E. coli and Staph. aureus isolates exhibited high resistance to the tested antibiotics. Also, the E. coli isolates were positive to virulence genes (tet A gene and dfr A gene). Finally, the effect of tested antimicrobial agents on the experimentally contaminated eggs showed that H2O2 (3%) was more effective in reducing the load of E. coli on eggshells than the other antimicrobial agents tested, while bicarbonate 3% expressed a significant ability to reduce Staph. aureus.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_200028_e75f692a0ac64a87d60bc0ae47fa9054.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clinical Mastitis in Holstein Cows under Subtropical Egyptian Conditions192320012410.21608/bvmj.2021.88567.1456ENDina NFarisAnimal wealth development department, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Benha University0000-0002-6561-8587Khairy MEl-BayoumiAnimal wealth development department, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig UniversityMahmoud SalahEl-TarananyAnimal wealth development department, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig UniversityAmira MohamedAbdel-HamedAnimal wealth development department, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Benha University0000-0002-2559-4314Eman RamadanKamelAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Benha universityJournal Article20210731The current study was built on 1015 dairy records of Holstein Friesian cows, aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of clinical mastitis (CM). Logistic regression models were conducted to determine the risk factors associated with the onset of CM. The average age at 1st calving was 1.98 years in mastitic cows, and 2.01 years in healthy onest. DMY was shown to be somewhat lower in mastitic cows than in healthy (31.9 and 32.3 kg, respectively). Older dairy cows >5 years had a higher incidence of mastitis (53.56%). The prevalence of CM was higher in multiparous cows, either 2nd parity (48.24%) or ≥ 3rd parity (47.23%). Regarding the calving season, cows that calved in winter showed a lower percentage of CM (38.36%). Pregnant cows were found to have a greater incidence of CM than non-pregnant cows (59.35% and 32.89%, respectively). Concerning the history of the previous mastitis, cows that were infected previously showed a higher prevalence of CM (51.66%). The greatest percentage of CM was observed in cows in the early and mid stages of lactation (44.59% and 52.69%, respectively). The final multivariate logistic regression model revealed that age at 1st calving had a significant positive correlation with the incidence of CM (β=1.19, P-value= 0.003). Older cows >5 years ( (OR=1.79), cows calved during the summer season (OR=1.84), Pregnant cows (OR=7.27), cows with a history of previous mastitis (OR=1.81), and lactating cows at early lactation stage (1-90 days) were significant risk factors associated with an increased incidence of CM.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_200124_acaa40133dd665c2d545b2d8478079f7.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Preparation of a house ELISA kit for detecting Peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) antibodies242820769410.21608/bvmj.2021.84188.1446ENWafaaHosnyELISA and virus strains bank Research unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research center,Giza, EgyptEmanBaheegELISA and virus strains bank Research unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research center,Giza, EgyptSozanHassaneinelisa and viral strains bank research unit, animal health research institute, Agriculture research center, Dokki,Giza, EgyptSaharMohamedELISA and virus strains bank Research unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research center,Giza, EgyptJournal Article20210725Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease that affects small ruminants characterized by fever, highly contagious, and economically significant. For diagnosis of the disease, effective diagnostic techniques are essential. The immunological diagnostic procedure enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used to identify antibodies or antigens. Using semi-purified antigen prepared by Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) Egypt/77 grown in Vero cell culture, an indirect ELISA based on polyclonal antibodies was developed to detect PPR antibodies in goat and sheep serum samples. When using 1:40 serum dilution and 1:80 antigen dilutions, the antibody detection effect is better. Depended on the presence of known PPR antibody-negative control serum samples in the test, a cut-off value twice the average value of the negative control was obtained. Indirect ELISA and competitive ELISA were used to test 130 serum samples from sheep and goats (105 sheep samples and 25 goat samples). Indirect ELISA revealed 71 positive samples and c-ELISA revealed 79 positive samples out of 130 serum samples analysed. When compared to the competitive ELISA, the indirect ELISA shows 83 percent specificity and 97.1 percent sensitivity. These findings show that indirect ELISA can be used instead of competitive ELISA for PPR antibody serological surveys in small ruminants.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_207694_eac725c03714342be81c0bb25a87c506.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis to evaluate the evolutionary pattern of VP1 gene sequence of recent duck hepatitis A virus ( DHAV) isolate and assessment of new genotyping emerging in Egypt.293320823910.21608/bvmj.2021.78303.1422ENAhmedEl-Kholydepartment of virology. faculty of veterinary medicine. Benha University , Benha, EgyptEhabEL-NahasDepartment of virology, faculty of veterinary medicine ,Benha university , Benha , EgyptMohammad HassanKhodierVeterinary serum and vaccine research institute (VSVRI)SaadSharawiHead of virology department,faculty of veterinary medicine ,Benha university,Benha,EgyptJournal Article20210530Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is an Avihepatovirus A family Picornaviridae which consider one of the most serious threatening viral pathogens influencing duck rearing in Egypt until now, with disastrous economic effects on duck industries' not only at local level but also worldwide. In this study, suspected DHAV samples (n=10) were collected from commercial flocks and backyard rearing from different localities in Kalubia province from September 2020 to January 2021. The infected flocks were showing high mortality and nervous signs without history of previous vaccination against DHAV. Hemorrhagic liver samples were prepared from recently died (7 to 15) day old ducklings. Trials for isolation of the virus on SPF-ECEs using allantoic route showed stunting, subcutaneous hemorrhage, and yellowish discoloration of liver with necrotic foci in the inoculated embryos. Then, viral isolates were undergone molecular identification using RT-PCR targeting 5' UTR and VP1 gene which revealed amplicon size 250 bp and 880 bp respectively for positive DHAV isolates. The positive isolate was further subjected to sequencing of the partially amplified VP1 gene and phylogenetic analysis was performed in relation to the Egyptian DHAV strains, vaccinal strain and other sequences available on the GenBank. Our results revealed that this new DHAV isolate was more homologous and genetically related to emerging DHAV genotype 3 which recently identified in Egypt. The studied vaccinal strain using in vaccination against the virus was out of grouping. Consequently, further serological studies to update the nature of future vaccine strains for successful preventive strategies would be urgent.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208239_4ebeef4bbdc61f77bf03038c58e7def3.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Comparative Evaluation of Three Formulae of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Vaccines343820824210.21608/bvmj.2021.75878.1410ENIngy A. M.ElgendyAgriculture Research Center (ARC); Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI)Zeinab R.A.AboezzVirology department, faculty of vet medicine, Benha university.MohamedKhodairAgriculture Research Center (ARC); Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI)Atyyat M.KotbAgriculture Research Center (ARC); Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI)Saad S.A.SharawiDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Moshtohor, Benha University.Journal Article20210510Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne virus. BEFV causes a debilitating disease in cattle and water buffaloes. It is enzootic in bovine populations in Egypt causing great economic losses in animal wealth. Vaccination against BEFV is an important factor for controlling the disease. Many studies were applied to improve the locally produced vaccine using different adjuvants in formulation of BEF vaccine. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate potency of an inactivated BEF vaccine with MontanideTM Gel-01 adjuvant using serum neutralization test and ELISA.The pattern of humeral immune response to the prepared vaccine was compared withthat of the local inactivated BEF vaccine with aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvantand live attenuated BEF vaccine inactivated just before inoculation by saponin. The obtained results revealed that best vaccine was 20% Montanide Gel 01TM inactivated BEF vaccine, As it givehigher antibody titer throughout the experimentthat extend for more than one year post vaccinationcompared with that of other vaccinated groups , followed by BEF vaccine inactivated with saponin and 15% MontanideTM Gel-01 based BEF vaccine . Whereas, aluminum hydroxide gel; 5% and 10% MontanideTM Gel-01were poor inducer for humeral immune response. So 20% MontanideTM Gel-01based inactivated BEF vaccine could be recommended in BEF vaccination program.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208242_aad5666a196bf0a012241167eb17373c.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001A Recent Non cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus detected by immunofluorescence and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction394120824510.21608/bvmj.2021.79012.1427ENSamiaAbdelkareemViral Diseases Research Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute (ARRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptAyman SaidEl-HabbaaVirology department, faculty of veterinary medicine, Benha university, Moshtohor, Egypt0000-0003-3514-3573Zeinab R.A.AboezzVirology department, faculty of vet medicine, Benha university.EhabElNahasVirology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Kalubia, EgyptJournal Article20210605In the present study, a non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) field strains from bovine semen samples were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two out of five semen samples tested positive for the presence of BVDV antigen employing antigen capture ELISA kits. The two semen samples were injected in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells in a trial for BVDV isolation. The chosen two samples were not cytopathic and subjected for further identification and genotyping using one step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The isolated BVDV field strains from semen were found to be BVDV genotype 1.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208245_0fd45dea2da246b2753c6182635e6667.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Isolation and Identification of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus from Ovaries of Egyptian heifer and cow in 2019424420825010.21608/bvmj.2021.79311.1428ENZeinab R.A.AboezzVirology department, faculty of vet medicine, Benha university.Samia Abd-elkarimElnagarvirology , faculty of veterinary , benha university , benha , egyptRaniaEl-MohamadyViral Diseases Research Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute (ARRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptAyman SaidEl-HabbaaVirology department, faculty of veterinary medicine, Benha university, Moshtohor, Egypt0000-0003-3514-3573EhabElNahasVirology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Kalubia, EgyptJournal Article20210608Abstract <br /> Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections continue to cause significant losses in cattle population. Better isolation of BVDV may influence in significant prevention and control of BVDV. This study was designed to isolate and identify the circulating BVDV in Egyptian cows and heifers during 2019. The isolated virus was identified and detected by immune florescent assay and immune peroxidase technique followed by RT- PCR that confirmed circulation of non cytopathic BVDV-1 in Egyptian cows and heifers. Further molecular analysis is recommended to determine the molecular epidemiology of BVD isolate for updating vaccine strain as a successful preventive strategy. It is obvious from the obtained result that immune peroxidase technique and immune florescent assay is highly sensitive and specific tool for detection of cytopathic and non cytopathic BVDV; More over RT-PCR is a highly sensitive tool for genotyping of BVDV. Further molecular analysis is recommended to confirm these finding and determine the molecular epidemiology of BVD-1 isolate and update the nature of the future vaccine for successful preventive strategieshttps://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208250_53dd11cc77c89b3e55bcfc13568acdac.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ORF103 and P32 genes of Capripoxviruses isolated from naturally infected cattle and sheep from Kaliobyia province in Egypt.545020838510.21608/bvmj.2021.79378.1429ENShimaaAbd-Elhafeizvirology,animal heath research institute, Hurghada branhAymanEl-HabbaaVirology department, faculty of veterinary medicine, Benha university, Moshtohor, Egypt0000-0003-3514-3573Fouad SaadEl-mayetVirology department- faculty of Veterinary medicine- Benha University0000-0003-3133-3935LamyaAteyaAnimal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Benha branch, Agriculture Research Center, EgyptEhabEL-NahasDepartment of virology, faculty of veterinary medicine,Journal Article20210606Although each capripoxvirus members including lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV), predominantly affect their specific host species and cause generous annual financial losses, they are no longer absolutely host-specific. The aim of the current study is to isolate and genetically characterize the CaPV strains from clinically affected sheep and cattle in Kaliobyia province, Egypt during an outbreak in 2017-2018. A total fifty samples of skin lesions and nodules were obtained from clinically suspected field cases of sheep and cattle, respectively. They were prepared and isolated on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs. Typical pock lesions were seen in seventeen of the positive samples. PCR detection targeting ORF103 and P32 genes was used to identify the isolated samples. Two from each sheep and cattle samples as well as the sheep vaccinal strain used in Egypt were further sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis performed to validate the viruses. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the field isolates from sheep were more closely related to the LSDV field isolates than to the sheeppox virus. Consequently, molecular techniques based on the ORF103 and P32 genes can be used to classify and distinguish capripoxviruses. This finding could shed light on the LSDV epidemiology in the Kaliobyia governorate. Cross-species infection by LSDV in sheep may have occurred in this outbreak. So, further research on the comparative study of ANK gene sequences, host range factors, of the isolate strains is required to confirm this suggested cross-species infection by LSDV in sheep.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208385_4f9e35b6e6733223835cd6a176e0a03c.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Sheeppox virus isolate from Kaliobyia province in Egypt.515420838710.21608/bvmj.2021.77834.1418ENShimaa NassefAbd-Elhafeizvirology,animal heath research institute, Hurghada branhFouad SaadEl-mayetVirology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt0000-0003-3133-3935LamyaAteyaAnimal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Benha branch, Agriculture Research Center, EgyptAyman SaiedEl-HabbaaVirology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt0000-0003-3514-3573EhabElNahasVirology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20210531Sheep pox virus (SPPV) is one of members of genus Capripoxviruses in the Poxviridae family. It is considered a threat affecting sheep and causes significant financial losses in agriculture economy all over the world. This study was designed for isolation and molecular detection for SPPV from skin nodules of clinically suspected sheep in Kaliobyia province. Direct detection of the virus was carried out also on milk samples (n=25) as good entrants for early detection of SPV before the onset of clinical signs. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of SPPV were performed based on open reading frame (ORF) 103 gene. Suspected skin nodules were used for virus isolation on Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of specific pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECEs) for three successive passages. Two virus isolates and two milk samples were identified from the tested samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers targeting ORF 103 (with an amplicon size of 570bp). Furthermore, one milk samples PCR product was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed based on ORF103 gene and revealed that our new isolates was identical to Sheeppox virus isolated from Minufiya governorate with 97.1% homology. Also, it showed quite identity with other reference sequences of SPPV strains retrieved from the GenBank database. This study may afford to fresh insights about the epidemiological aspect of the circulating SPV circulating in Egypt.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208387_77fb4be9acae62257a69adc3e4296ad9.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Molecular and serological diagnosis of Orf virus from sheep and goats in Minufiya governorate, Egypt555920838810.21608/bvmj.2021.86728.1451ENEsam AdelAbd Elgowad KhalilVirology ,Benha university,moshtohr,EgyptZeinab R.A.AboezzVirology department, faculty of vet medicine, Benha university.Fouad SEl-mayetVirology department- faculty of Veterinary medicine- Benha University0000-0003-3133-3935Ayman SaidEl-HabbaaVirology department, faculty of veterinary medicine, Benha university, Moshtohor, Egypt0000-0003-3514-3573Saad SharawiAliDepartment of virology , faculty of veterinary medicine, benha university000-0003-3647-2440Journal Article20210717Orf virus infecting sheep and goats belongs to genus Parapoxvirus, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae. It causes contagious pustular dermatitis in sheep and goats worldwide, including Egypt. This work aimed for molecular and serological diagnosis of Orf virus in infected sheep and goats during summer season 2020. Ten samples of skin lesions from suspected sheep and goats from different areas of Minufiya governorate including Queisna, Tala, and Ashmoon were subjected to direct detection using PCR primers targeting ORF 045 gene which encodes the late transcription factor (VLTF-1). Positive samples on PCR detection were isolated on Specific Pathogen Free- Embryonated Chicken Eggs (SPF-ECEs) then viral antigen was detected using indirect-fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) and molecular detection of viral DNA using PCR. Positive results were shown in 7 samples (5/7 of sheep samples and 2/3 of goat samples) using PCR. Virus isolation from positive samples on SPF-ECE that gave positive results by the 3rd passage in 5 of 7 samples (3 sheep isolates and two goat isolates). Signs of inoculated viral samples on CAM of SPF-ECEs showed thickening, edema, and hemorrhage of the membrane. These isolates showed positive results upon identification using IFAT and PCR. It was concluded that Orf virus was circulating among sheep and goats in Minufiya governorate Egypt, during summer 2020.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208388_d3bd8b0cda6c8e4d4876f2ee2aac6dcc.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Potency of inactivated rabies vaccine with live attenuated canine distemper and canine parvovirus vaccines606420885710.21608/bvmj.2021.68246.1378ENGabr FikryElbagoryfaculty of veterinary medicine mostohorShaimaaElkhatibVeterinary serum and vaccine research institute (VSVRI)0000000280895881Mohammad HassanKhodierVeterinary serum and vaccine research institute (VSVRI)Journal Article20210318Canine parvovirus (CPV), canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies are viruses that cause life-threatening infections in dogs and have a large effect on the canine population. This work aims to investigate the effect of inactivated rabies vaccine on the immune response of vaccinated puppies with live attenuated CD and CP vaccines. Antibody response of puppies vaccinated with CD, CP and rabies vaccines either in single or simultaneous administration was evaluated through vaccination of different puppy groups and monitoring the levels of induced antibodies in their sera through application of SNT and indirect ELISA. The two serological assays revealed that the simultaneous vaccination of puppies with CD or CP vaccines with rabies vaccine induced higher levels of CD or CP antibodies 256 by SNT and 3.5 log10 by ELISA) than in case of Puppies vaccinated with live CD or live CP vaccines alone. So, it could be recommended to vaccinate puppies simultaneously with attenuated CD and inactivated rabies vaccines, or attenuated CP and inactivated rabies vaccines or with the three vaccines at one shot.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208857_527ca997636d5c577a18b63b038ee201.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Efficacy of Inactivated Avian Influenza H5N1 Vaccine in SPF chicken against Avian Influenza Viruses H5N2 and H5N8 (Egyptian Isolates)656920885910.21608/bvmj.2021.84020.1444ENGabr FikeryEl-BagouryDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityEhab M.El NahasVirology department,Veterinary medicine, Benha University, Benha , EgyptMounir M.El SaftyCLEVB, Cairo, EgyptFatenAnwarVirology department,Veterinary medicine, Benha University, Benha , EgyptJournal Article20210712Avian influenza (AIV) viruses in Egypt compromise the poultry industry. Infections in poultry flocks have been reported after vaccination. In our study available inactivated avian influenza vaccine H5N1 was evaluated for its efficacy against challenging with the recently isolated HPAI H5N2 (A/chicken/EG/16194V/2016) and H5N8 (HPAI clade 2.3.4.4 (A/green-wingedteal/ Egypt/871/2016(H5N8)(871/H5N8). our study had been achieved using SPF chickens which were divided into four groups .They were vaccinated at one , five , ten and twelve day old, then serologically monitoring on a weekly basis post vaccination (PV) for the 1st month, and follow immunity every month till the 6th month using (Haemagglutination Inhibition) HI test againstH5N1(HPAIclade2.2.1.2(A/chicken/Egypt/D10552B/2015(H5N1)(D10552BH5N1),H5N2(A/chicken/EG/16194V/2016)andH5N8(HPAIclade2.3.4.4(A/greenwingedteal/Egypt/871/2016(H5N8)(871/H5N8), then challenge test were conducted at 2nd ,3rd and 4th weeks PV using the recently isolated H5N2 and H5N8 field strains challenge viruses , tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected for detection of virus shedding which was calculated according to Spearman-Karber method (1961).. Our results indicate that the vaccine provides protection against different subtypes of viruses and decreases virus shedding from the challenged chicken.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208859_bd68d7dc671006771829b1ead1d125c3.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Interfere of maternal derived antibodies in early age of chicks with the efficacy of vaccination against Avian Influenza viruse.707420886210.21608/bvmj.2021.84089.1445ENGabr FikryElbagoryfaculty of veterinary medicine mostohorEhab M.El NahasVirology department,Veterinary medicine, Benha University, Benha , EgyptMounir M.El SaftyCLEVB, Cairo, EgyptFatenAnwrCLEVBJournal Article20210712Avian Influenza virus is an Orthomyxovirus mainly infecting the upper respiratory tract, in numerous bird species. AIV vaccines are commonly used. . In Egypt vaccination based on commercial H5 vaccines .. This work was planned to explain that vaccination against AIV in differen stages of age could interfere with MDA. we studied the efficacy of available commercial Inactivated H5N1 vaccine (batchnumber:1901230101)againstH5N2(A/chicken/EG/16194V/2016),andH5N8(A/greenwingedteal/Egypt/871/2016(H5N8)(871/H5N8)) our experiment was achieved using commercial chicken groups which were vaccinated at one ,five ,ten and twelve day old, the chicken groups were tested every week post vaccination for the first month then follow immunity every month till the 6th month using HI test, then challenge test were conducted at 2nd ,3rd and 4th weeks PV using the recently isolated H5N2 and H5N8 field isolate strains challenge virus, tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected for detection of virus shedding which was calculated according to Spearman-Karber method (1961).Our results recorded that HI test against H5N1 , H5N2 and H5N8 viruses had no great significant difference between groups . Results of the challenge test against H5N2 virus revealed 0%, 0%, 60 % 20 %, 30%, 40% ,40 ,%50%,70% ,40% ,60%, and 80% of protection in gps .E1,E3,E5,F1,F3,F5,H1,H3,H5,I1,I3 and I5 respectively . while chllange against H5N8 virus revealed 0%, 10%, 10 % 10 %, 20%, 30% ,30 ,%40%,50% ,30% ,40%, and 70% of protection in gps .E2,E4,E6,F2,F4,F6,H2,H4,H6,I2,I4 and I6 respectively . Our study proved that maternal antibodies interfere with vaccination at one and five days of chicken age.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208862_302a3e95fb9507ad68925645c7e566b0.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Development of duplex real-time PCR assay based on C18L and DNA pol genes for rapid diagnosis of camel pox in dromedary camels.757720886510.21608/bvmj.2021.78296.1423ENAmir AShehataGenome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute0000-0002-1605-536XEhab MElNahasVirology Department, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Benha UniversityEman M.Abo HatabVirology Department, Animal Health Research Institute.Saad SharawiAliDepartment of virology , faculty of veterinary medicine, benha university000-0003-3647-2440Hanaa A.AhmedGenome Research unit, Animal Health Research InstituteJournal Article20210530Camel pox is a viral contagious notifiable zoonotic disease causing variable rates of mortality, morbidity and cutaneous lesions in camels and humans. It caused by camelpox virus (CMLV), an orthopoxvirus and can be fatal in young camels. Confirmative, rapid and sensitive diagnostic techniques are required for accurate diagnosis of the disease, so in the present study, a duplex real-time PCR assay was developed for rapid detection of camelpox virus (CMLV) based on targeting both C18L and DNA pol genes. The detection limit was 0.4 pg and 4 pg of viral DNA for C18L and DNA pol genes, respectively. The duplex assay detected CMLV DNA in different types of spiked samplesand providesa rapid diagnostic tool for camel pox especiallyin borders where testing of large number of animals during importation and exportation is applied. Further evaluation of the assay on other clinical samples or samples from experimentally infected animal may be required.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208865_128928b869bcd5103aa90283a5dacc71.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Mycological and Molecular detection of some fungi causing diarrhea in sheep and goats788320887110.21608/bvmj.2021.82448.1439ENAshrafAbd El TawabDepartment of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityFatmaElhofyBacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, EgyptEman MoustafaMoustafa MoustafaEgypt, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fish Diseases and Management Department0000-0002-7788-8533RamadanTag EldinChief researcher of mycology and mycotoxin, Animal Health Institute – Dokki– GizaEnasSolimanBacteriology, Immunology and Mycology Dep., Fac. of Vet. Med., Benha Univ.0000000300302845KhaledGebrilBacteriology, Immunology and Mycology Dep., Fac. of Vet. Med., Benha Univ.Journal Article20210625Sheep and goat are important production sources of meat and milk in Egypt. Diarrhea is very common and the chronic form of it may lead to deaths, so the accurate diagnosis of fugal diseases causing diarrhea is a priority. In the current study, the fungal infections causing diarrhea in sheep and goats were investigated. From 200 examined samples; 27 yeast isolates (13.5%) and 112 mold isolates (56.00%) were recovered from the mycological examinations of the collected samples from diarrheic animals, contact workers and feed stuffs. A. flavus and Rhodotorula sp. were the most prevalent mould and yeast isolated from the examined samples, respectively. A. flavus and Rhodotorula sp. were molecularly identified using PCR tests. They showed clear bands at 305 bp molecular weight for A. flavus and 560bp for Rhodotorula sp. PCR is a useful method for diagnosing fungi that cause diarrhoea in sheep and goats in a direct and timely manner.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208871_3a137f0418cfc5a0f292ae0ae54aa172.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Protective response of bivalent brucella vaccine with differant adjuvant in mice848820887410.21608/bvmj.2021.86465.1454ENBasma MohammedHussienveterinary medicineAshraf AwadAbd.El-TawabBacteriology,immunology and mycology0000-0002-1221-3340Lamees Ahmed HamdyEl-TantawyVeterinary Serology and Vaccination Institute
CairoJournal Article20210725Brucellosis is one of the most common bacterial zoonotic diseases. There are two live attenuated vaccines used in control programs, B. abortus S19, B. melitensis rev1 vaccine for cattle,sheep and goat respectively . Some studies have observed one host infected with two different types of brucella. So in our study we try to prepare bivalent vaccine from two vaccinal strains to protect animal from virulent infection. Total of 150 brucella-free mice divided into six groupss , the first group was the control group , the second group was vaccinated with vaccine strain 19, the Third group was vaccinated with the vaccine rev1 , the fourth was injected with the bivalent vaccine without any adjuvant, the fifth was injected with the bivalent vaccine with mantonide Gel 1 (10%), and the sixth was injected with the bivalent vaccine with mantonide oil 206(1:1). The vaccinated mice were challenged with virulent strains after 30 day of vaccination, the 2nd group challenge B. abortus 544, the 3rd group challenge with B. melitensis 16M and the 4th, 5th and 6th were challenged the both strains. The immunogenicity of the vaccinated mice was measured after 15 day of challenge with virulent strains. It was found that the protective index of the 4th, 5th and 6th was (2.29, 2.53, 2.66 respectively) in mice when challenge with B. abortus 544, and was (2.41, 2.53, 2.68 respectively) in mice when challenge with B. melitensis 16M. The prepared vaccines were potent in comparison with PBS inoculated (unvaccinated) group.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208874_fa97c5920ed0034dc66246cc8c94955b.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Cryptococcosis in small ruminants with special references to conventional and molecular methods of diagnosis899320887810.21608/bvmj.2021.67638.1370ENAshraf A.Abd El-TawabDepartment of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptEman M.El-diastyDepartment of Mycology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, EgyptAhmed A.FawazTanta lab branch, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Ministry of AgricultureEmad EisaEl-MougyDepartment of bacteriology,Immunology and mycology,faculty of veterinary medicine,Benha university,EgyptJournal Article20210426This work intended to detect yeast species involved in sheep and goats respiratory infections using culturing method, biochemical auto-fluorescence technique and PCR assay. To realize this, 50 lung specimens and 50 samples of nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from clinically diseased sheep and goats freshly slaughtered animals in Kalyobia Governorate. These samples were subjected to fungal examination and the result showed that from the 50 examined sheep and goats lung, 21 lung (42%) had yeast infection and out of 50 nasal swab from sheep and goat 16 (32%) had positive yeast. The architectural detail of bright green-to-yellow green auto-fluorescence spherules, yeast forms Cryptococcus gave stronger and brighter fluorescence it is known to be fast test used in detection to mycotic pneumonia with any late accompanied by haematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) staining. PCR results proved that Cryptococcus isolates were positive, where for the results of PCR proved that only 3 (17.6%) isolates were positive for <em>Cryptococcus albidus</em>. Considering of this fact this study suggest screening and detecting fungal species using of auto-fluorescence methods and PCR technique in pneumonic sheep and goats.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208878_23676bc782c61bb5c4b1a0be71c81a27.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Molecular characterization of Salmonella serovars isolated from Chicken949820893110.21608/bvmj.2021.69331.1386ENWalaa RagabAbd ElkaderDepartment of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Benha University, Egypt.0000-0002-0991-1578AshrafAbd El TawabDepartment of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityFatmaEl HofyDepartment of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityAishaAliAnimal Health Research Institute, Serology Unit, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20210325A total of one hundred diseased chicken (100 samples of each of Liver , Gall bladder and Intestine content) suffering from diarrhea were collected from different broiler private farms in Giza governorate, Egypt. Samples were collected in a sterile container in an ice bag and then transferred aseptically to the laboratory for conventional bacteriological analysis<br /> Bacteriological examination revealed that Salmonella from liver were (2.66%), Gall bladder ( 3% ) and Intestine ( 1.66 % ).<br /> The prevalence rate to Salmonella was (7.66%). Antibiogram pattern was applied and isolates exhibit resistance against Rifampicin, Amoxycillin and Doxycyclin and highly sensitivity to Streptomycin with (100%) variable results were recorded with the remaining test antibiotic molecular characterizations of B-Lactamase resistance genes in salmonella serovars gave variable results.<br /> A PCR based assay was developed to detect the prevalence of Salmonella in samples and to and chromosome-borne virulence genes (blaTEM ,blaSHV and blaCTX ). The aims of the current study wasbacteriological and molecular studies on Salmonella species isolated from poultry farmshttps://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208931_2344ed7c6c01288dafddd4f6d12cb235.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli contaminating chicken meat cuts9910220888210.21608/bvmj.2021.73140.1399ENShima SaadSheriffood safety supervisorSaadSaadFood Hygiene and Control Dept., Fac. Vet. Med., BenhaUniv., EgyptFatin SayedHassaninFood Hygiene and Control Dept., Fac. Vet. Med., BenhaUniv., EgyptMarionette ZaghloulNassifFood Hygiene Dept., Animal Health Research Institute, Benha branchJournal Article20210419Although chicken meat cuts are of high nutritious, economic and consumers’ demanded meats, but it may be a serious microbial food poisoning cause referring to low hygienic procedures during production.Therefore,the current study was established to isolate and identify enteropathogenicEscherichia coli in one hundred random samples of raw chicken meat cuts represented by chicken breast and thigh meatsamples (50 of each)that werecollected from different poultry shopsin Qalubiya governorate.The obtained resultsrevealed that the incidence ofE. coliwas (24%) in all the examined samples, where it inthigh samples (28%) were more than in breast ones (20%).Serotyping of the isolated E. colistrains revealed that they belonged to both enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli(ETEC) serotypes. Moreover, out of six isolates that were molecularly investigated for Shiga toxins producing genes, only one isolate revealed presence of Shiga toxin-2 producing gene (stx-2) with prevalence of 16.67%. So, it was concluded that,breast and thigh chicken meat cuts may harbor pathogenic E. coli that possess public health hazards affecting consumers’ health.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208882_5c84ccc303bdfd51b7ff092fed589af8.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Detection of Salmonella in Meat Products by Polymerase Chain Reaction10310520888710.21608/bvmj.2021.78306.1425ENGeorgeArmanyGenome Research Unit-Animal Health Research InstituteHemmat MoustafaIbrahimFood Hygiene Dept. (Meat Hygiene)-Faculty of Veterinary Medicne-Benha UniversityRehamAminFood Hygiene Dept. (Meat Hygiene)-Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Benha UniversityNaglaa HusseinHagagGenome Research Unit-Animal Health Research InstituteJournal Article20210602A total of 100 different meat samples 50 grams from each sample were chosen randomly including raw meat products as minced meat and sausage and treated meat products as luncheon and basterma (25 samples from each) collected from several markets in two regional governorates (Cairo and Giza). Traditional bacteriological method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tool were used to look for Salmonella in these samples. Bacteriological data demonstrated the occurrence of 16%, 8%, 0% and 0% in minced meat, sausage, luncheon and basterma, respectively. PCR validation for identifying of Salmonella by (invA) gene showed the same conformance of results in prevalence of that of the bacteriological isolation where it was 16%, 8%, 0% and 0% in minced meat, sausage, luncheon and basterma, respectively. Traditional bacteriological method can take two to three days to show such results and up to seven to ten days to validate them, while polymerase chain reaction proved and it is reliable, less labor, accurate and requires less effort and time comparing to traditional method.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208887_d712e735c4b5ba1696e533cd7e619dcb.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Incidence and Duplex PCR for detection of S.aureus and L.monocytogenes in Meat Products10611020889010.21608/bvmj.2021.78579.1426ENGeorgeArmanyGenome Research Unit-Animal Health Research InstituteHemmat MoustafaIbrahimFood Hygiene Dept. (Meat Hygiene) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Benha UniversityReham Abdel AzizAminFood Hygiene Dept. (Meat Hygiene) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Benha UniversityNaglaa HusseinHagagGenome Research Unit-Animal Health Research InstituteJournal Article20210601One hundred 100 random samples of raw meat products (minced meat and sausage, 25 of each) and treated meat products (luncheon and basterma, 25 of each) were gathered from various markets in the provinces of Cairo and Giza for a period of 3 months. Accurately, 25 samples from each product were gathered from various markets in the provinces of Cairo and Giza. Traditional bacteriological methods and duplex polymerase chain reaction were used detect S. aureus and L. monocytogenes in such examined samples. Actually, S. aureus was isolated from 24%, 28%, 16% and 12% in minced meat, sausage, luncheon and basterma, respectively. Only, L. monocytogenes was detected in 4% of minced meat. Characterization of S. aureus by (nuc) gene and L. monocytogenes by (hlyA) gene using duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. Concerning duplex PCR results, the incidence of S.aureus in minced meat, sausage, luncheon and basterma was (24%, 24%, 16%, 8%), respectively. While, the incidence of L. monocytogenes in minced meat, sausage, luncheon and basterma was (4%, 0%, 0%, 0%), respectively. Duplex PCR showed a great agreement with the results of bacteriological method which proves the utility of the molecular technique in detection of food pathogens.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208890_589adb4554419e71a78dfcc1e3b84714.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Prevalence of some foodborne parasitic affection in slaughtered animals in local Egyptian abattoir11111420889510.21608/bvmj.2021.80316.1432ENOmarAbd ElazizVeterinarian, Cairo Veterinary Directorate, EgyptFatinHassaninFood Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptFahimShaltoutFood Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptOthmanMohammedFood Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute, ARC, EgyptJournal Article20210612Fascioliasis, cysticercosis and hydatidosis were aimed to be investigated in some slaughtered animals (cattle, buffalo and camel) in local Egyptian abattoir located in Cairo governorate. 10317, 763 and 290 cattle, buffalo and camel carcasses, respectively were examined in the period of 2017-2018. Results of PM inspection along the investigation period revealed detection of Fasciola in 0.58 and1.4% of the examined cattle and buffalo carcasses, respectively, while was not detected in camel carcasses.Also, cysticercosis was detected in 0.47 and 0.69% of the examined cattle and camel carcasses, respectively; while was not detected in buffalo carcasses.In addition, hydatidosis was detected in lung and liver of 0.038 and 0.096% of cattle carcasses; 3.4 and 1.03% of camel carcasses, respectively, while was not detected in the examined buffalo samples.Annual values of financial losses because of the condemned affected parts summed total of 11712.5, 32940.0 and 2410LE due to fascioliasis, cysticercosis and hydatidosis, respectively along the investigation period (2017 and 2018).Referring to the obtained results, records of 2017 appeared to be more infection prevalent than 2018 with more financial losses, moreover, fascioliasis was the most prominent affection in the present study. In addition, the critical veterinary inspection has a great rolein protecting human-being to be infected with zoonotic meat-borne parasites. So, magnification and great support should be given to training veterinary inspectors in slaughter houses in Egypt.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208895_c60ffb25cd58f3708935ffe4afcb2896.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Prevalence of some zoonotic parasitic affections in sheep carcasses in a local abattoir in Cairo, Egypt11511920889710.21608/bvmj.2021.85121.1450ENOmar MohamedAbd El-AzizVeterinarian, Cairo Veterinary Directorate, EgyptFatin SayedHassaninFood Hygiene and control Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptFahim Aziz EldinShaltoutFood Hygiene and Control Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptOthmanMohammedFood Hygiene Dept., Animal Health Research Institute, ARC, EgyptJournal Article20210716Meat-borne zoonotic parasites raised from consumption of undercooked and/or crossly contaminated meats can infect human by direct and/or indirect ways causing many mild to serious diseases; so in the present study, some meat-borne transmissible parasites were investigated in 5239 freshly dressed sheep carcasses in local Egyptian abattoir located at Cairo governorate along the period of 2017-2018. Results of Post-Mortem inspection revealed the detection of Fasciola, Cysticercus and Hydatid cyst in 3.47, 1.06 and 1.83% of the total examined carcasses with total economic losses of 9306.78 L.E, 2892 L.E and 4380 LE, respectively. It is worthily noted that fascioliasis recorded the highest incidence of infection, followed by hydatidosis and cysticercosis in the examined carcasses, respectively. Cysticercus ovis and C. tenuicollis were detected in 32.14% and 67.85% with total economic losses of 714 L.E and 2178 L.E because of infected heart and liver condemnation during 2017 and 2018, respectively. Furthermore, hydatid cyst was detected in 0.47% and 1.35% of the examined lung and liver samples with total economic losses of 1188 L.E and 3192 L.E because of infected lung and liver condemnation during 2017 and 2018, respectively. Referring to the obtained results, it was obvious that parasitic infection of sheep meat and offal constrains a lot of economic losses, threatens the meat production industry and throws lights over the health importance of veterinary great role in protecting human-being from be infested with zoonotic meat-borne parasites. So, magnification and great support should be given to training veterinary inspectors in slaughter houses in Egypthttps://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208897_f5a7084da4c44bbef3f7b69305ad8761.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Incidence of salmonellae and E.coli in Meals Served in Egyptian Hotels12012320890010.21608/bvmj.2021.86837.1452ENOsama MostafaHassan AbbassMeat hygieneJournal Article20210723120random Samples of beef kofta, chicken panee, and fish based meal (sushi) (40 of each) served in Egyptian hotels located in Cairo governorate, Egypt were collected to evaluate the incidence and serologically identification of E.coli and Salmonellae <br /> the results of serological identification of the E. coli isolates, EPEC strains were the most prominent represented by O17: H18, O55:H7, O86, O114:H4 and O146:H21; then EHEC (O26:H11, O91: H21, O111:H2), followed by ETEC (O125:H21 and O128:H2), and finally EIEC (O159). Therefore, 32(26.6%) of the examined samples were considered unfit for human consumption; in details, 8(20%), 10(25%) and 14(35%) of the examined kofta, panée and sushi samples were rejected respectively .<br /> While, Salmonella species was also detected in 20 (16.6%) of the examined samples represented by 5 (12.5%), 9 (22.5%) and 6 (15%) samples of beef kofta, chicken panée and sushi meals, respectively. Serological identification of salmonella isolates revealed detection of S. Essen, S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg, S. Infantis, S. Kentucky, S. Larochelle, S. Tsevie and S. Typhimurium. Therefore, 20 (16.6%) of the examined samples were unfit for human consumption because of having Salmonella species, the important of isolated strains and their public importance was discussed.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208900_dd2f34efc4018fac6d356b176b31cb4e.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Incidence of Staphylococcus enterotoxins in some meals served in Egyptian hotel12412720890210.21608/bvmj.2021.86838.1453ENOsama MostafaHassan AbbassMeat hygieneJournal Article20210723120 random samples of beef kofta, chicken panne, and fish based meal (sushi) (40 of each) , served in Egyptian hotels located in Cairo governorate, Egypt were collected to determine of S.Aureus counts, isolation , identifications and detection of their enterotoxins <br /> in the examined samples.<br /> The obtained results revealed that S. epidermidis, S. intermedius, S. saprophyticus and S. xylosus were recorded in (25 %), (2.5%), (0%) and (12.5 %) of Kofta , while for chicken panne were detected (37.5 %), (10 %), (7.5%) and (2.5 %) , in add to (45 %), (17.5%), (5%) and (10 %) were detected in Sushi fish samples, furthermore S. aureus was detected in 13(32.5%), 21(52.5%) and 27(67.5%) of the examined kofta, panne and sushi samples <br /> Regarding to the edibility of the examined ready to eat ( RTE) samples in relation to its content of S. aureus, 11(27.5%), 21(52.5%) and 27(67.5%) of the examined kofta, panne and sushi samples respectively, were rejected for exceeding S. aureus permissible limit (not more than 102 ).<br /> <br /> The results recorded als the main values of S . aureus counts in the examined kofta, panne and sushi samples were 9.41×102± 2.12×102, 3.27×103± 0.54×103 and 5.86×103± 0.97×103 CFU/g, respectively.<br /> In addition to the incidence of S. aureus enterotoxins positive samples, revealed that SE-A was 1(2.5%), 2(5%) and 4(10%) of the examined kofta, panée and sushi samples, respectively; .https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208902_0f1c348a04465fa061c43a2ec75f376d.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Physiochemical assessment of retailed meat12813120890610.21608/bvmj.2021.73933.1402ENTereza HosnyAminMeat hygiene, banha university, faculty of moshtohorJournal Article20210524Total of 90 random fresh meat samples of cattle, sheep and camel carcasses (30 each) were collected from different butcher's shops inTanta city, Gharbia governorate, Egypt. All samples were subjected to physical and chemical evaluation for its quality assessment. Sensory evaluation of fore quarter recorded good for cattle, camel samples while sheep samples were acceptable. Concerning samples of hind quarter were very good for camel samples, good for cattle and sheep samples. For chemical composition of fore and hind quarter samples, Moisture content of cattle samples recorded the highest mean values (74.4-74.1) followed by sheep samples (73.5-73.0) then camel samples (72.1-72.4). While Protein content mean values of camel recorded (21.8-20.6) higher than those of cattle samples (19.9-19.3) and sheep samples (18.7-18.5). Where Fat content mean values of sheep samples (3.0-3.3) more than cattle samples (1.9-2.1) and camel samples (1.4-1.9). Ash content mean values, camel samples were (2.4-2.8) higher than cattle samples (2.1-2.4) and sheep samples (1.7-1.9). Furthermore, for keeping quality criteria PH, TVN mg% and TBA mg/kg of fore and hind quarter mean values recorded the lowest results for camel samples (5.64-5.72), (4.64-5.37) and (0.08-0.13). Results showed significantly higher (P<0.05) in sheep and cattle samples. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the physical, chemical composition and keeping quality criteria of retailed cattle, sheep and camel samples with special references to camel meat as a good alternative for beef and sheep meat with relatively high keeping quality criteria that can extend its shelf life.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208906_ad345d1522ac6984ce001b4831e92f35.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Degradation effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on some heavy metals experimentally inoculated in fish fillet model13213620888410.21608/bvmj.2021.76500.1412ENOmniaSamirVeterinary Medicine Directorate, Qalubiya Governorate, EgyptAbo-bakr MustafaEdrisFood Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptShimaaEdrisFood Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt0000-0002-1703-0981GamalHeikalFood Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute -Tanta branch, ARC, EgyptJournal Article20210517A total of 120 samples of fish and shell fish samples represented by Oreochromis niloticus, Mullus surmuletus, Silver carp, shrimp, crab and oyster (20 of each) were collected from different markets at different localities in Qalubiya governorate, Egypt. The collected samples were examined for their levels of mercury, lead, and cadmium by atomic spectrophotometer. The obtained results revealed that O. niloticus was the highest contaminated within fish samples with mean values of 1.91, 1.05, and 0.37 mg/kg; while oyster was the highest within shellfish samples with mean values of 1.53, 0.84, and 0.29 mg/kg for mercury, lead, and cadmium, respectively. Advanced experimental work was conducted aimed to assess the degradation effect of one of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (107 CFU/ml) on lead and cadmium levels in experimentally inoculated fish fillet along of 24 hours. Results revealed promising rapid reductions in lead and cadmium levels within 24hrs of interaction with L. rhamnosus, where lead and cadmium were reduced by 84.3 and 72.0%, respectively. Accordingly, regular investigation of heavy metals levels in aquatic environment and creatures is recommended, with strictly recommendation to safe disposal of factory wastes. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus showed promising diminishing technique to decrease heavy metal accumulation in fish tissues, where advanced research on its effect on the aquatic environment is recommended.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_208884_e6d37dc3114492377449cdc81ea69149.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Studies on mold contamination of retailed cheese in Zagazig city, Egypt13714020916410.21608/bvmj.2021.76937.1415ENSamah SaeedAbd EllatifDepartment of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, EgyptSehamElbadryEducational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, EgyptHend SaeedNadaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia Governorate, Zagazig City, 44511, EgyptLamiaa M.RedaCentral Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, EgyptAsmaa Badr Moustafa BadrTahoun1Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt0000-0002-1722-8787Journal Article20210520Cheese is considered as a healthy and complete nutrient that supports part of the human needs with protein, minerals, and vitamins. This study was conducted to examine the mold growth in four cheese types including Kariesh, Feta, Domiati, and Rumy retailed in Zagazig city, Egypt. In addition, isolation and identification of the different mold genera was further screened. Furthermore, the proteolytic and lipolytic abilities of the identified molds were screened. Rumy cheese samples followed by Kariesh cheese samples showed the highest total mold count. The prevalent mold genera were Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., and Fusarium spp. Identification of the Aspergillus isolates revealed five species, namely, A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatous. A. ochraceous, and A. versicolor. The detected molds had clear in-vitro lipolytic and proteolytic activities. The public health significance of the isolated molds was discussed. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be adopted during all manufacture steps of these kinds of cheese.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209164_6a6fdbc8a771288209f518b3a7696c2a.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Diagnosis of Fasciola spp. infection in cattle in El-Dakhla Oasis, Egypt by Intradermal test and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay14114320917310.21608/bvmj.2021.83035.1440ENAhmedHassanAgricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt.Mohamed, YRamdanParasitology Department, Fac. Vet. Med. Benha University, Egypt.S.F. AOmarAgricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt.AliaaBaleghAgricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt.Lubna, MElakabawyParasitology Department, Fac. Vet. Med. Benha University, Egypt.Journal Article20210712The present study aimed to evaluate both intradermal test (IDT) and ELISA test in the diagnosis of <em>Fasciola </em>spp < em>. at El-Dakhla Oasis, El-wadi El-Gadid, Egypt. The intradermal test was carried out in 100 cattle that proved to be negative to <em>Fasciola</em> spp. infection by fecal examination. ELISA test was conducted on 96 sera samples from injected cattle. The prevalence of infection was 32% and 56.25% for the intradermal test and ELISA test, respectively. All positive results with the Intradermal test were also positive with ELISA. The results of this study revealed that the Intradermal test and ELISA could become a useful tool for the diagnosis of fascioliasis in cattle. https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209173_5a912d594420b9a54069995acdccfc45.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001In vitro anthelmintic effects of iron oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles against Fasciola Spp. in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt.14414720922310.21608/bvmj.2021.83038.1442ENAhmedHassanAgriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt.MohamedRamdanParasitology Department, Fac. Vet. Med. Benha University, Egypt.OmarS.F. AAgriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt.LubnaElkabawyParasitology Department, Fac. Vet. Med. Benha University, Egypt.Journal Article20210713In the present study, iron oxide (FeO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were studied for their potential effect against Fasciola spp. in vitro. Fasciola adult worms were incubated for 24 h with three concentrations (0.004, 0.008 and 0.012% w/v) for both FeO and ZnO. The parasites motility and mortality were recorded at different times. The result showed that both nanoparticles could significantly reduce the worms’ motility and increased their mortality compared to the control group. Moreover, the parasites were examined by high-resolution SEM which showed an upper body dislocation with swelling of the worm's body, roughness, hemorrhage, desquamation and complete loss of the spine induced by 0.012% conc. of both FeO and ZnO nanoparticles was more than other concentrations. It can be concluded that FeO and ZnO nanoparticles had potent fasciocidal activity especially at 0.012% Conc of both FeO and ZnO nanoparticles.<br /> Key words: Fasciola spp, infection, FeO, ZnO, Nanoparticle, SEM, Dakhla Oasishttps://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209223_82cad60db03b8aa927fa7e7b61543a5f.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Hepatoprotective effect of organium majorana against albendazole-induced hepatotoxicity in rats14815320961610.21608/bvmj.2021.72813.1396ENMosaadEl-sayedDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha university, EgyptAshraf, A.ElkomyDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha university, EgyptEnasFaragDepartment of pharmacology, Animal Health Research Institute, Benha, Egypt.AyaGadDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha university, EgyptJournal Article20210509Albendazole is an abroad spectrum anthelmintic used for treatment of different parasites.Liver toxicity and elevation of liver marker enzymes occur secondary to usage of albendazole(alb) .Organium majorana extract (OME) has a hepatoprotective effect against albendazole (alb) enhanced hepatic toxicity in rats as assayed in the present study.Twenty male rats were divided into four equal groups five rats for each group .Group1: (Normal control), received no drugs, Group 2: (OM-treated), rats received an oral dose of OME (200mg/kg b.wt/day) for 30 successive days .Group 3: (alb treated ) received an oral dose of alb (7.5 mg/kg b.wt.) for 15 successive days .Group 4 (OME protected+ alb ), rats pretreated with OME (200 mg/kg b.wt/day) orally for 30 days before alb treatment for 15 days.Results showed significant (P<0.05) raise in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ,total protein ,direct bilirubin and decrease of albumin level compared to control group and group treated with OME. Albendazole also induced histopathological alteration in liver tissue. OME showed significant protection against albendazole-induced hepatotoxicity that confirmed through serum biochemical analysis and the histopathological examination of liver tissues and might be beneficial for the hepatotoxicity.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209616_21ed7c98bdf9289b59786494d1a0e76d.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Extraction and characterization of Antigenic S- lipopolysaccharides Brucella abortus S99.15415820962010.21608/bvmj.2021.78132.1421ENCleopatra MahmoudRoushdyDepartment of Brucellosis, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, EgyptMohamedGoudaDepartment of Infectious diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptBVMJ-2010-1281Abdel-MoneimMoustafaDepartment of Infectious diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptFaysalIbrahimDepartment of Infectious diseases , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptEssamEl-bauomyDepartment of Brucellosis, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research CenterMai A.FadelDepartment Pharmacology and pyrogen unit, Department of chemistry, toxicology and feed deficiency, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 246, Giza 12618, EgyptJournal Article20210606Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)is the major valuable antigen used in diagnosis of brucellosis. In this study, to extract LPS from B. abortus strain 99 (reference strain), the hot-phenol method was used .Both chemical and biological characteristics were investigated to ensure quality and quantity of LPS to be involved in further diagnostic studies. Sugars represents about 50% of LPS (0.57 mg/ mg). HPLC analysis of the extracted LPS revealed that its purity was the same as of the commercial LPS of Salmonella Typhimurium. To determine the chemical configuration of S-type LPS, Proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) was used. The extracted LPS could be cleaved typically to yield a lipid A and polysaccharide moieties (two portions) as main structure of Gram-negative bacteria. A glucosamine sugar residue expanded on a wide range region of NMR spectrum. Considering biological features, Rabbit Pyrogen Test (RPT) of extracted LPS showed low pyrogencity. While anti-complement activity of LPS was dose-dependent, high concentration caused high inhibition of hemolysis. Results emphasized the significance of these methods of extraction and characterization in obtaining valuable antigenic fraction LPS to be used in diagnosis or vaccination purposes.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209620_0f20873a21e5ab3d1fb28e69310dcc54.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Immunologic effect of conjugated linoleic acid against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in rats15916320962110.21608/bvmj.2021.80558.1434ENAsmaaElsayd ElshahawyDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityAymanFariedDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityKhalidFararhDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityJournal Article20210614The current study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of conjugated linoleic acid against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in rats. For this purpose, 40 rats were divided into four groups. control group: rats were injected with a sterile distilled water. Doxorubicin group: rats were injected IP with doxorubicin. Conjugated linoleic acid ( CLA) group: rats were received CLA orally. Doxorubicin +CLA group: rats were injected with doxorubicin for 2 weeks then received CLA once daily for 4 weeks. Collection of serum and spleen samples were performed at 4th and 6th week of experiment. Serum was used for evaluation of immunological markers, protein electrophoresis, kidney functions, liver enzymes.Tissue specimens from spleen collected for histopathology examination. The results revealed that there was significant decreases in IgE and IgM, while significant increases in IL-6, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP were recorded in doxorubicin group. Moreover, histological examination of splenic tissues of doxorubicin group showed congestion of red pulp,lymphoid depletion of white pulp and severe necrosis of lymphoid follicle. Treatment with CLA showed improvement in aforementioned parameters in the first and second check points. It could be concluded that CLA has protective effect against immunosuppression induced by doxorubicin.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209621_c2df47773caf11755d2c2e3b1655e675.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Biochemical study on the use of modern alternative methods for control of bacterial enteritis in broiler chicken.16416820965610.21608/bvmj.2021.84415.1447ENAfafAbdel-MageidDepartment of Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityYakoutEl SenosiDepartment of Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversitySaraAbd El HamidDepartment of Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversitySawsanEl BasuniDepartment of Avian and Rabbit diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityJournal Article20210707Total of one-hundred broiler chicks were obtained at 1-day old and used for 21-days experimental period. Chicks were divided into 5-groups.G1; no treatment (control negative), G2; was inoculated with 0.1ml of (1×108) S. entertidis at 1st day of age via crop gavage and kept as positive control., G3; was inoculated with 0.1ml of (1×108) S. entertidis at 1st day of age via crop gavage and was treated with grapefruit peels extract 0.5mg/mL orally in drinking water from the second day till the seventh day of age., G4; was inoculated with 0.1ml of (1×108) S.entertidis at 1st day of age via crop gavage and was treated withPanflor®1ml/L orally in drinking water from the second day till the seventh day of age.G5; was inoculated with 0.1 ml of (1×108) S. entertidis at 1st day of age via crop gavage and was treated with a combination of grapefruit peels extract 0.5mg/ml and Panflor®1ml/L orally in drinking water from the second day till the seventh day of age. The growth performance was estimated. Serum samples were collected from each group at 10and21 days of age for estimation of (ALT, AST, GGT, Urea, Creatinine and Lipase). The results showed that the treatment with grapefruit peels extract and/or antibiotic in groups 3, 4 and5 showed a substantial decrease in (ALT, AST, GGT and lipase activity) with the lower serum urea and creatinine concentrations compared to group 2 at 10and 21day. It was concluded that grapefruit peels extract can be used in control S. entertidis in chicken.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209656_e4352374ff8b0cbb15536bed1a32efe0.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Mesenchymal stem cells proliferation augmentation by preconditioning with resveratrol (In vitro Study)16917220965710.21608/bvmj.2021.73288.1401ENOmaymaAbo ZaidDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptSamy AliHusseinDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Vet. Med., Benha University, Egypt.Sawsan MohammedEL-sonbatyRadiation Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology. Egypt.Mohsen WaheedAfifiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20210423Amelioration of culture conditions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and optimization of preconditioned micro-environments can increase the numbers of cultured and expanded of MSCs in vitro then used for therapeutic applications. Cell proliferation and survival rates are the main hurdles in the clinical use of MSCs. Cultivated MSCs Survival and proliferation are impaired by oxidative stress and pre-apoptotic factors released during cultivation processes. Hence, strategies that reduce cell death and elevates the viability and proliferation of MSCs will be added values for using MSCs in therapeutic uses. The present study discussed the efficiency of resveratrol (RSV) to ameliorate the survival and proliferative capacity of MSCs when used in the preconditioned medium of MSCs preparation procedures. It was revealed that MSCs pretreated with 10 µM of RSV in vitro exhibited a significant proliferation than cells not treated with RSV. RSV suppressed the apoptotic condition, stress of oxidation and cell death probabilities through its potential effect on cytoprotective gene Bcl-2 in addition regulating Bcl-2/Bax ratio.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209657_cd5bd17dd9b1142622b56ca5dd26044f.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Selenium nanoparticles coated with resveratrol ameliorates the neurobiochemical abnormalities by attenuating oxidative stress and improving neurotransmissions in AlCl3-Induced Alzheimer’s model of rats.17317720965810.21608/bvmj.2021.75561.1406ENOmayma RagabAbo ZaidBiochemistry veterinary medicine Banha universitySamyAzizaBiochemistry veterinary medicine Banha university0000-0003-0387-6019Sawsan MohammedEL-sonbatyRadiation Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology. Egypt.MohsenAfifiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20210507Aluminium chloride is a neurotoxin that has been linked to the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for decades. In situ, long-term aluminium toxicity causes oxidative stress and raises amyloid beta levels. Treatment options for Alzheimer's disease now only include symptomatic relief, necessitating the creation of alternative medications with fewer side effects. The researchers wanted to see whether long-term administration of resveratrol coated with Selenium nanoparticles (RSV-Nanoselenium) could shield rats from aluminum-induced AD pathogenesis and oxidative injury. In this study male albino wistar rats were orallyadministered withaluminum chloride (300 mg/kg b.wt)once daily for 30 days for induction of AD. The rats of induced model of AD were orally administrated with RSV-Nanoselenium (200 mg/kg, b.wt)once daily for 3 weeks.The rats were scarified on the 52ndand brain tissue of each rat was dissected and frozen at −80 °C. Biochemical research was conducted to determine the degree of oxidative injurythrough measuring Catalase, Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), γ-Secretase and Calcium levels in brain tissue.Aluminium chloride administration caused neurotoxicity and severe memory loss, as well as significant oxidative harm. It also resulted in substantial rise in γ-secretase and a significant decrease in calcium levels. RSV-Nanoselenium administration increased neuronal transmission by reducing oxidative stress and metal chelation in AD model of rats (P< 0.05). RSV-Nanoselenium protects against AD and oxidative harm caused by aluminium.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209658_2d31b0d37c4543c24a3e99e86baca5ca.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Evaluation of different decellularization techniques on bovine pericardium and jugular vein for xenografts production17818320965910.21608/bvmj.2021.78333.1424ENHatemBahgatDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha Univ., EgyptBasmaBarakatDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha Univ. EgyptAnwarEl-ShafeyDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Benha Univ., EgyptAhmedKassabDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Benha Univ., EgyptJournal Article20210530This study was carried out to estimate a good decellularization protocol for pericardium and jugular vein of cattle and buffalo with preservation of the extracellular matrix. Pericardium and jugular vein were decellularized chemically using Triton X-100 (TX) plus sodium deoxycholate (SD), physically by freeze–thaw cycles +TX + SD and enzymatic protocol used TX+SD+ DNase +RNase. Untreated pericardium and jugular vein were used as control. The histological analysis was performed to evaluate the efficiency of decellularization and extracellular matrix preservation. But, The Immunoreaction was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation in rats. We found that no cells or cell fragments were retained, and there was no apparent tissue disruption in the decellularized tissues, except chemical group showed dispersion of the pericardium layers and dispersion, disorganized and degraded of collagen & elastic fibers in layers of jugular vein. The content of collagen and elastic fibers were affected after decellularization, in physical group showed mild dispersed collagen fibrils and mild disrupted elastic fibers, but enzymatic group make sever dispersed collagen fibrils and sever disrupted elastic fibers. The implanted tissue showed mild-moderate inflammatory reaction and calcification in physical group, but scanty to mild inflammatory reaction and calcification in enzymatic group. We conclude that combination of chemical detergents with a physical method or with enzymes make complete decellularization of tissues. Also, the integrity and durability of tissue is high in physical group but, immunological response of tissue implants is low in enzymatic group.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209659_90874b092375e8a77f6306ad30a8a733.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Effect of dietary protease enzyme (Cibenza®) supplementation on growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chicks18418820966010.21608/bvmj.2021.76680.1413ENMohamedMenshawyNutrition and clinical nutrition faculty of veterinary medicine Benha universityNasserKhadernutrition and clinical nutrition faculty of veterinary medicine benha university0000-0003-4112-1637Tahia ElsayedAhmednutrition and clinical nutrition, veterinary medicine, banha university, alzaqaziq, EgyptJournal Article20210522The present trial aimed to throw the Light on the effect of dietary supplementation of protease enzyme on growth performance parameters and carcass quality of broiler chicks. Atotal number of 360 Cobb broiler chicks of mixed sex (one day old) where collected from a local Egyptian private hatchery were classified into 4 groups of three replicates (30 chicks/ replicate). The 1st group was fed diet containing soya bean meal 44%, 2nd group was fed diet containing soya bean meal 44%+ protease enzymes, 3rd group was fed diet containing soyabean meal 46% while 4th group was fed diet containing soyabean meal 46%+ protease. Water and feed were offered ad-libitum. All birds were systematically vaccinated against Newcastle, IB and Gumbro and other needed prophylactic measures. Results showed that, G4 showed increased in Final BW by (8.1%,7.58%,1.97%) , BWG by (8.3% ,7.7% ,1.97%) , FI by (1.88% , 0.88%, 0.06%) and FCR by (6.66% , 6.66% ,1.75%) than G1,G2 and G3 respectively. Carcass yields improved in protease supplemented groups where G4 showed increased in carcass relative weight than G3 by 1.07% and G2 showed increased in carcass relative weight than G1 by 2.71%. Also G4 showed increased in breast relative weight by (1.8%, 5.1%, 0.05%) and liver relative weight (12.56%, 5.9%, 3.36%) than G1, G2 and G3 respectively.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209660_75ee3f70e6498844b82ab3b62fa864a8.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Effect of stocking density on behavioral pattern, growth performance, blood hormones, and carcass parameter of Sasso broiler chickens18919320966110.21608/bvmj.2021.75796.1409ENEsraaShoshaanimal hygiene and management department, faculty of veterinary medicine, benha university, egypt0000-0002-5752-0985SouadAbdemoatyFaculty of veterinary medicine, benha university0000-0002-0701-6916Essam AliAhmedveterinary hygeine and management departement, veterinary medicine, benha univerisity, egypt0000-0002-9103-3101AhmedSabkanimal hygiene and management department, faculty of veterinary medicine, benha university, egyptJournal Article20210509This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of stocking density on behavioral patterns, growth performance, blood hormones, and carcass quality of Sasso broilers within 60 days of rearing cycle. 150 one day old unsexed Sasso (first generation) chicks were allocated randomly according to their stocking density to 3 groups 10, 13 and 15 birds per m2 in different floor spaces 5, 3.8, and 3.3 m2 respectively. Growth performance and behavioral patterns were estimated throughout the study period. Blood samples were collected 3 times during the study to estimate cortisol and thyroid hormones concentrations. were collected every two weeks. At the end of the study 3 birds from each group were slaughtered to check the effect of stocking density on carcass parameters. The results of the current study revealed that stocking density had a significant effect on body weight, feed consumption, organs weight, and comfort behavior but had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio. There was no significant effect of stocking density on cortisol and T3 and T4 concentrations. It was concluded that Sasso broilers reared at stocking density 10 birds /m2 showed the best growth performance.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209661_72d4d06dde92cfcb63c6bcf6b5ed5b9b.pdfBenha University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha Veterinary Medical Journal1110-658141120211001Factors affecting the pregnancy rates post embryo transfer in dromedary camels: Quality and number of recovered embryos.19419720966210.21608/bvmj.2021.59312.1332ENMohsenAgagDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beha University, EgyptAhmedAbdel FattahDepart of Embryo Transfer and research center, Tharb hospitl, QatarMostafaNasefEmbryo transfer, Tharb Camel Hospital, QatarMohamedEl-Raeytheriogenology, veterinary medicine, benha, egypt0000-0002-1900-0065AhmedEl-KhawagahTheriogenology department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityAl-shimaa Al HussainyHasab ElnabiDepartment of: Theriogenology, Faculty of: Veterinary Medicine, Benha universityAlyKarentheriogenology, veterinary medicine, Kafr elsheikh, egyptJournal Article20210126The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of embryo quality, and number of embryos recovered per flush from donors on the pregnancy rates in dromedary camels. Donors (n=51)were flushed at day 8-9 after breeding with 1000 mlcommercial flushing media prior transfer to synchronized recipients (n= 457)using transvaginal technique. Pregnancy was diagnosed at Day 18-19, 30 and 60 post-transfer to recipients at rate of 55.1%, 47.9%and 43.4%, respectively. Transferring transparent embryos resulted in significantly high pregnancy rates at Day 18-19 and 60 (P<0.001) and Day 30 (P<0.0001) compared with those of semitransparent and dark embryos. Transferring of spherical embryos resulted in significantly highpregnancy rates at Day 30 (58.6%; P<0.003) and Day 60 (52.7%; P< 0.001) compared to folded embryos. Neither the size of embryo nor number of recovered embryos hadsignificant effect on pregnancy rates after transfer.In conclusion, higher pregnancy rates up to Day 60 after transfer could be obtained if transparent and spherical embryos are implemented in embryo transfer protocol in dromedary camels.https://bvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_209662_57e74ee319e3c1a4d80ffea5fe5fa42b.pdf