Evaluation of combined inactivated vaccines against avian influenza subtypes [H5N1, H9N2] and avian infectious Bronchitis in chicken using montanide and paraffin oil adjuvants

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Newcastle Disease Vaccine Research Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo

2 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University

Abstract

The goal of the presented work was to prepare and evaluate physical characters and
immunogenicity of a combined inactivated Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) H5N1, H9N2 subtypes and
Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), strain D-88 oil emulsion vaccines. The prepared vaccines were
sterile and safe. Also, they were ensured to be water in oil (W/O) emulsions using drop test,
conductivity (zero mS/cm). Particle size were 950 nm and 1050 nm and dynamic viscosities were
19.52 Mpa.s and 39.65 Mpa.s for the vaccine with Montanide™ ISA 71 RVG adjuvant and the
vaccine with paraffin oil adjuvant, respectively. They showed stability for 24 months at 4 °C with
no separation. Combined inactivated oil emulsion vaccines induced cellular and humoral immune
responses in vaccinated chicks. The vaccine with Montanide™ ISA 71-RVG adjuvant provided
100% protection percent for AIV H5N1 without shedding of AIV H9N2 and IBV in comparison to
the combined vaccine with paraffin oil adjuvant that gave 84% protection percent for AIV H5N1
and shedding of AIV H9N2 and IBV occurred 6th day post challenge. Montanide™ 71-RVG
adjuvant has the flexible ratio of oil and antigenic media in the vaccine (60:40) allowed using large
amount of virus that showed good impact on its immunogenicity, over the paraffin oil adjuvant
which has restricted ratio of oil and antigenic media of the vaccine (73:27).

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